Serial communication with Matlab
Overview
Matlab has a "serial" function that allows it to communicate through a serial port. This project is to establish serial port connection with the PIC microcontroller and demonstrate bidirectional communication between the PIC and a Matlab program. For demonstration purposes, the PIC will send digital potentiometer readings to Matlab as well as receive keystrokes from the Matlab user to light up LEDs on its circuit board.
A USB to RS232 adapter and level shifter chip were used to connect the computer to the PIC. In this lab, we used a cheap cable found at http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=220199148938&ih=012&category=41995&ssPageName=WDVW&rd=1
**Important! DO NOT connect the serial Rx/Tx lines DIRECTLY to the PIC!!!**
A level shifter chip is necessary to convert the high and low logic voltages from the desktop computer (+12V/-5V) to (+5V,0V) for the PIC. A standard RS232 connection is called a DB9 connector and follows the pin diagram shown here: http://www.aggsoft.com/rs232-pinout-cable/serial-cable-connections.htm This cable requires 1 driver installation as included on the mini-cd. To install this driver, you must first plug in the USB cable, and run the installation program located on the CD corresponding to the model on the USB Cable (<CDROM>:\HL-232-340\HL-340.exe). This driver is also available online at this link: http://129.105.69.13/pic/usb_drivers/HL-340_USB_serial_drivers_WinXP/ . To configure the Matlab script to connect to the proper serial port, use the device manager (Right click My Computer->manage) and expand the section "Ports (COM & LPT)". Make a note of the COM port number corresponding to "USB-SERIAL CH340" as listed in this section. In our program, our serial port was COM4. A picture is shown below of how to get this information in the device manager.
A female DB9 connector was wired to our level shifter to convert the voltages, with the level shifter connected to our PIC. The female DB9 connector is used so no wires need to be directly soldered to the serial cable. Refer to the Circuit section for details on this connection.
The PIC was programmed with our C code as shown below. Our program was designed to read a potentiometer through the PIC's ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) port and transmit the digitized readings over the serial cable to the PC (upon request). In Matlab, if a users sends data to the PIC by entering a character, the PIC responds with the current potentiometer reading and the last received byte from the PC. The PIC is also programmed to display the character received from the PC on its LED array (D register) as a 8-bit ASCII number. The programs can easily be modified to create any custom protocol, but are designed to show simple 2-way communication between Matlab and the PIC.
Circuit
The wiring diagram for serial communication is shown below. There are three basic components in this setup. The potentiometer serves as an analog input to the PIC, which is converted to a digital signal through the PIC's analog to digital converter pin. The MAX232N level converter provides bidirectional voltage shifting for digital communication between the PIC and PC (read more about this chip and level conversion on the RS232 wiki here). Finally, the female DB-9 connector allows the circuit to connect to the PC's serial port.
The connections to the female DB-9 adapter are shown below. These wires are soldered to the cup-side of the adapter, not directly to the serial cable. Our DB-9 adapter is pictured below and follows the given connections:
PIN5:DB-9 (green wire) -> Common Ground PIN3:DB-9 (yellow wire) -> Receive (RX) -> PIN14:MAX232 PIN2:DB-9 (white wire) -> Transmit (TX) -> PIN13:MAX232
Our final circuit is pictured below.
PIC Code
/*
SerialComm.c Scott McLeod, Sandeep Prabhu, Brett Pihl 2/4/2008
This program is designed to communicate to a computer using RS232 (Serial) Communication.
The main loop of this program waits for a data transmission over the Serial port, and
responds with a current reading of an analog input (potentiometer) and the last received data.
Note the analog input is only for testing purposes, and is not necessary for serial communication.
Lines unnecessary for RS232 communication are commented with enclosing asterisks ('*..*').
*/
#include <18f4520.h>
#fuses HS,NOLVP,NOWDT,NOPROTECT
#DEVICE ADC=8 // *set ADC to 8 bit accuracy*
#use delay(clock=20000000) // 20 MHz clock
#use rs232(baud=19200, UART1) // Set up PIC UART on RC6 (tx) and RC7 (rx)
int8 data_tx, data_rx = 0; // Set up data_tx (transmit value), data_rx (recieve value)
void main()
{
setup_adc_ports(AN0); // *Enable AN0 as analog potentiometer input*
setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL); // *the range selected has to start with AN0*
set_adc_channel(0); // *Enable AN0 as analog input*
delay_us(10); // *Pause 10us to set up ADC*
while (TRUE)
{
data_tx = read_adc(); // *Read POT on analog port (0-255)*
output_d(data_rx); // Output last recieved value from computer
delay_ms(10);
if (kbhit()) // If PIC senses data pushed to serial buffer
{
data_rx = fgetc(); // Read in recieved value from buffer
printf("Pot: %u Char: %u\n", data_tx, data_rx); // Once data sent and read, PIC sends data back
//delay_ms(10); // As tested briefly, this delay is unnecessary for our (relatively) slow data rate
// If you are receiving data errors, you may want to introduce a slight delay
}
}
}
Tips on Designing a Protocol
A good way to start or debug your program is to use the PIC-C Serial Port Monitor (Tools Tab->Serial Port Monitor). This will allow you to send and receive raw data over the serial port, which is much easier for understanding why a protocol isn't behaving correctly. You can also use HyperTerminal on windows XP (Start->Programs->Accessories->Communications->HyperTerminal), although in our testing this appeared to be less stable than the PIC-C Compiler's monitor. Note for both programs, you will have to configure which serial port to monitor using the same method described in the Overview.
Be sure to close all other programs accessing the serial ports (PIC-C/Hypterm etc.) if you are having difficulty opening the port in MATLAB.
Matlab Code
**** THIS MATLAB CODE SHOULD BE UPDATED TO USE "fread(s,1)" instead of "fscanf(s)". fread(s,1) reads 1 bitwise value at a time (opposed to an ascii value). Without this change, matlab can only read 8 bit ASCII characters and will reject a subset of the values between 0 and 255. *****
If your program doesn't close and delete the serial port object correctly, you can use the command shown below to delete all of the serial port objects.
delete(instrfind)
% SerialComm.m Scott McLeod, Sandeep Prabhu, Brett Pihl 2/4/2008
% This program is designed to communicate to a PIC 18F4520 via RS232 (Serial) Communication.
%
% The main loop of this program waits for a character input from the user,
% upon which it transmits the ascii value and waits for data to be written.
s = serial('COM4','BAUD',19200); % Create serial object (PORT Dependent)
fopen(s) % Open the serial port for r/w
myChar = 'a';
prompt = 'Enter a character (q to exit): ';
while (myChar ~= 'q') % While user hasn't typed 'q'
fprintf(s, '%s', myChar(1)) % Write first char of user input to serial port
fprintf(fscanf(s)) % Read Data back from PIC
myChar = input(prompt, 's'); % Get user input
end
fclose(s); % Close the serial port
delete(s); % Delete the serial object
External Links
More on Serial and the PIC: http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/PIC_RS232
MAX232 Data Sheet: http://rocky.digikey.com/WebLib/Texas%20Instruments/Web%20data/MAX232,232I.pdf
Overview of RS232 Protocol: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-232
