Using RS-232 and Printing to LCD

Files

Download the files you need here: Matlab and Simulink files.

Download the user's guide for the Seetron BPI 216 LCD display here: Seetron BPI 216 User's Guide.

Getting Started

1.Plug the Seetron BPI-216 LCD display into the COM1 serial port of the target PC, and power the display (see the LCD display’s user’s guide for more information) If you wish to use COM2, see "Changing COM Ports" later in this article.

2.Copy the file RS232Async_Messages.m into your work folder. This file contains a data structure that holds configuration parameters for the RS232_Send block within the BPI_216_Send subsystem. Open the BPI_216_Send.mdl file and copy the BPI_216_Send block into your own model. The other blocks in BPI_216_Send.mdl are just for demonstration purposes.

3.To output text to the BPI-216 LCD display using the BPI_216_Send block, the system that is deciding which message to output needs to output a number of data type double (see double in the MATLAB help files for more information on data types). The BPI_216_Send subsystem will read this number and display the corresponding message. (Note: the default time step of BPI_216_Send is 0.01 seconds. BPI_216_Send’s time step must be an integer multiple of your main system’s time step.)

Figure 1 shows how to hook up the system:
File:RS232 LCD connections.jpg
Figure 1

The input port data1 will be used later on to send variables to the system, but if only want to display static messages, you can delete this port or ground it to aviod a compiler warning about a disconnected input.

Displaying Text Messages

Because Simulink input and output variables must have a predefined size, we can't send text messages as arrays of characters unless the arrays are always the same size; the compiler will check for this. To avoid having to pad the text messages to make them all the same size, we will instead pass the text to a subfunction that will copy the text into a pre-padded array of preset size, and then send the array to the LCD control subsystem.

Open BPI_216_Send, and then open Message Bank/Selector. Find the switch-case control structure in the embedded MATLAB function. This is where we will store the messages. Messages must be entered in the form:

  [text,numPages]=lcd_text(uint8(['Your_Message_Here.']))

The MATLAB function "uint8()" makes sure that each letter of your text is converted into data type uint8(unsigned 8 bit integer, also known as an unsigned char). If omitted, the program might not display your messages correctly.

See Figure 2:
File:RS232 LCD messageselect.jpg
Figure 2

The number outputted by your main system will be read in as the variable msgID. The switch-case control structure will find the case that matches the value of msgID, and print out the message corresponding message, displaying the message under otherwise if no match if found. Replace message_1, message_2, and message_default with your own message, preserving the single quotes. You may add or remove as many cases as you need, but case "otherwise" must be defined.

If your message is too long to display on a single screen, your message will be automatically split up into multiple screens, and displayed one at a time; after the last screen is displayed, it will loop back to the first screen and keep looping. Extra spaces on the last screen will be padded with black triangles; this will help you identify the last screen. The default time between screens is 3 seconds. Extra spaces on the last page will be padded with black triangles.

Displaying Variable Values

If the variable is numeric

If you wish to display numeric data you must add an input port to the message_select m-function to accept the incoming data. Add or remove as many input ports as you need, and beware that you may need to insert a "rate transation" block between the data source and message_select.

Note: you don't have to worry about the size of the variable for this case, because any number stored as type "double" takes up the same amount of space in the memory. On the other hand, a text string is an array of 8-bit integers, so the size of a text string is determined by its length.

Your system now looks something like this:

Note the rate transitions:

Use the subfunction numtostr to convert it into a uint8 vector (because Simulink does not support string data types, we cannot simply use num2str for this). Simply insert numtostr(yourdata) in between strings, as shown in the figure below (Note:be sure to put blank spaces around numtostr(), or you will get a compiler error.)
Warning: if you don't use "numtostr," the program will try to read your number as an ASCII code, not a numeric value:

You must manually set how many digits numtostr will display. Open the message_select m-function block, and scroll towards the bottom until you find the function header for numtostr. Set number of integer places(int_p) and decimal places(dec_p) that you want displayed. If the inputted number has more integer places than int_p, the offending most significant digits will be lost. Negative numbers will need an additional integer place to hold the negative sign. Unused integer spaces will be filled in by blank spaces, and unspecified decimal places will be filled with zeros.

If the variable is a text string

If you want to send text to the system via a variable, you must make sure the variable is always the same size. Again, use uint8() to prevent a data type mismatch. For example, if you wanted data1 to be the words "true" and "false, you could program it like this in your main program:

if x==1
   data1=uint8(['true '])
else
   data1=uint8(['false'])
end

Note that there is a blank space after the word "true" to make it the same length as "false".

In your main program, you would format the message like this:

 [text,numPages]=lcd_text(uint8(['data1 is set to' data1 'right now.']))

Specifying data types

You should also specify the data type of the variable (uint8 if the variable is text, double if it is numeric) at the function message_select. Note: if your variable is numeric, the function may still work because Simulink chooses "double" by default. To make the model display port data types, go to the menu and select Format>Port/Signal Displays>Port Data Types. To specify data types (also see the figure below):

1. right-click on the message_select block
2. select Explore
3. Inside the Model Hierarchy frame, select BPI_216_Send.
4. Inside the Contents of BPI_216_Send frame, select data1.
5. Inside the Source Block Parameters frame, select the Signal Specification tab.
6. Under the data type menu, select uint8 if data1 is a text string, or double if data1 is a numeric value.

The maxPages variable

The maxPages variable will set maximum number of "pages" your message can be; each page being one of the separate screens needed to display a long message (remember, Simulink doesn' have dynamic memory allocation for input/output variables, so you have to tell it how big the array is). The LCD screenn holds 32 characters, so the maximum number of characters (including white spaces) a message can contain is equal to 32*maxPages. There is also a local variable maxPages in the subfunction lcd_text; both values of maxPages must match. A small value of maxPages will reduce the overhead memory and CPU cycles needed to run the system, so don't make maxPages larger than it has to be.

Changing COM Ports

To change the COM port, open
BPI_216_Send>Text_Send_Control>RS232_Mainboard_Setup.
Change Port from COM1 to the COM port you want. Then open
BPI_216_Send>Text_Send_Control>RS232_Mainboard_Send.
Change Port from COM1 to the COM port you want.

Changing Screen Change Rate

To change the rate at which successive screens are displayed when the message is broken up into multiple screens, open
BPI_216_Send>Text_Send_Control>output_controller.
Set the variable pageRate to the time you want between screen changes, in seconds.