Potentiometers - Revision history

Stephens: /* Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack */

2006-08-10T17:07:18Z

Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 10 August 2006
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	[[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|~~500px~~\|center]]		[[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|600px\|center]]

	==References==		==References==

Lynch at 14:19, 25 July 2006

2006-07-25T14:19:49Z

Lynch at 14:11, 25 July 2006

2006-07-25T14:11:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:11, 25 July 2006
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	[[Category:Sensors]]		[[Category:Sensors]]
			Potentiometers (or POTs) are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact or "wiper" that slides across an element of constant resistance. As the wiper moves along the element, the resistance from the end terminals to the wiper changes. If the total resistance of the pot is <math>R</math> and the resistance from the left terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{left}</math> and from the right terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{right}</math>, then we have that <math>R = R_{left} + R_{right}</math> is always satisfied, and each of <math>R_{left}</math> and <math>R_{right}</math> can vary from 0 to <math>R</math>. Some rotary pots are "multi-turn," meaning that the knob must be turned several rotations to move the wiper its full range, and some are "single-turn." The former are common for fine gain adjustments on circuit boards, and the latter are common in sensors of shaft angle and knobs for human input. Some pots have a "linear taper," meaning that the resistance from the terminals to the wiper changes linearly with the amount of rotation (for a rotary pot) or translation (for a linear or slide pot), and others have a "logarithmic" or "audio taper," meaning that the amount of resistance changes logarithmically with the motion. This is useful for audio equipment, as our perception of sound volume increases linearly with a logarithmic increase in sound power. Make sure the pot you use has the correct kind of taper for your application!
	Potentiometers (or POTs) are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact that slides across an element of constant resistance. As the contact moves along the element, the resistance from one of the end terminals to the center terminal changes.

	===Types of POTs===		===Types of POTs===

Stephens: /* Applications */

2006-07-06T19:46:16Z

Applications

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 6 July 2006
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	===Applications===		===Applications===

	A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather would rotate back and forth (as in a sensor "radar dish"). ~~Use~~ ~~of gears is a~~ ~~simple~~ way to ~~lock~~ the ~~rotation~~ of the shaft ~~being~~ ~~measured~~ to ~~the potentiometer~~. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, a ~~shaft~~ ~~that~~ ~~needed~~ to ~~rotate~~ ~~more~~ ~~than~~ ~~the 270 degrees or so~~ of ~~the pot could~~ be ~~measured~~.		A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather would rotate back and forth (as in a sensor "radar dish"). The easiest way to mount the POT to the rotating shaft is by using gears. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, you can adjust the range of motion and precision of your angular sensor.

	===Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack===		===Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack===

Stephens at 19:43, 6 July 2006

2006-07-06T19:43:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 6 July 2006
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	[[Category:Sensors]]		[[Category:Sensors]]
	A ~~potentiometer is a manually-adjustable, variable~~ ~~resistor of the type that is commonly used for volume and tone controls in stereo equipment. Potentiometers~~ are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact that slides across an element of constant resistance.		Potentiometers (or POTs) are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact that slides across an element of constant resistance. As the contact moves along the element, the resistance from one of the end terminals to the center terminal changes.

		⚫	===Types of POTs===
	[[image:potentiometer4.jpg\|61px]]
			There are many different types of POTs, though they usually have very subtle differences and can be hard to tell apart. Below are several common types of POTs.

⚫	~~<h4>Different~~ Types of POTs~~</h4>~~

	[[image:POT types.png\|center]]		[[image:POT types.png\|center]]

			* '''Shaft Potentiometer''' - The most common type, also come in high-precision versions. The shaft can be turned by hand or attached to some device. Some of these cannot turn complete circles while others can turn all the way (continuous turn). Some are also made to turn around multiple times (multi-turn) to sweep the entire resistance range.
⚫	~~<H4>~~Applications~~</H4>~~

			* '''Trim POTs''' - These POTs are commonly attached to circuit boards when it may be necessary to add tuning to a circuit. They are very small and may require a small screwdriver to turn.

			* '''Linear & Slide POTs''' - These POTs move in a linear motion. Slide POTs are used for user-controlled tuning and would be found in such devices such as light dimmers. Linear POTs are made to be mounted onto a device to measure linear position.

			* '''Hollow-Shaft POTs''' - These are used in place of shaft potentiometers when space is limited. They are very thin (~3mm) and mount around a rotating shaft.

		⚫	===Applications===

	A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather would rotate back and forth (as in a sensor "radar dish"). Use of gears is a simple way to lock the rotation of the shaft being measured to the potentiometer. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, a shaft that needed to rotate more than the 270 degrees or so of the pot could be measured.		A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather would rotate back and forth (as in a sensor "radar dish"). Use of gears is a simple way to lock the rotation of the shaft being measured to the potentiometer. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, a shaft that needed to rotate more than the 270 degrees or so of the pot could be measured.

	~~<H4>~~Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack~~</H4>~~		===Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack===

	Use the circuit below to connect a potentiometer to the PC/104 stack. You can supply the potentiometer with any supply voltage, but remember that the PC/104 analog INs can only handle +/- 10V. The PC/104 won't read the exact voltage/resistance directly, because there is a 1k<math>\Omega</math> resistor in between the terminal and ADC (see [[PC104 I/O]]). In correct this, you can use a large resistance POT (if you have that freedom) or you can correct the error in software.		Use the circuit below to connect a potentiometer to the PC/104 stack. You can supply the potentiometer with any supply voltage, but remember that the PC/104 analog INs can only handle +/- 10V. The PC/104 won't read the exact voltage/resistance directly, because there is a 1k<math>\Omega</math> resistor in between the terminal and ADC (see [[PC104 I/O]]). In correct this, you can use a large resistance POT (if you have that freedom) or you can correct the error in software.

Stephens: /* References */

2006-07-06T19:30:46Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:30, 6 July 2006
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	[[image:POT to PC104 Circuit.png\|center]]		[[image:POT to PC104 Circuit.png\|center]]


	[[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|~~400px~~\|center]]		[[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|500px\|center]]

	==References==		==References==

Stephens: /* References */

2006-07-06T19:17:16Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:17, 6 July 2006
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	Use the circuit below to connect a potentiometer to the PC/104 stack. You can supply the potentiometer with any supply voltage, but remember that the PC/104 analog INs can only handle +/- 10V. The PC/104 won't read the exact voltage/resistance directly, because there is a 1k<math>\Omega</math> resistor in between the terminal and ADC (see [[PC104 I/O]]). In correct this, you can use a large resistance POT (if you have that freedom) or you can correct the error in software.		Use the circuit below to connect a potentiometer to the PC/104 stack. You can supply the potentiometer with any supply voltage, but remember that the PC/104 analog INs can only handle +/- 10V. The PC/104 won't read the exact voltage/resistance directly, because there is a 1k<math>\Omega</math> resistor in between the terminal and ADC (see [[PC104 I/O]]). In correct this, you can use a large resistance POT (if you have that freedom) or you can correct the error in software.

			[[image:POT to PC104 Circuit.png\|center]]
	{\|

	\|-
		⚫	[[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|400px\|center]]
	\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pPOT to PC104 Circuit.png\|frame\|POT Circuit Diagram]]
⚫	~~\| valign="bottom" \|~~ [[image:pot_pc104.jpg~~\|thumb~~\|400px\|~~Connecting a POT~~]]
	\|}

	==References==		==References==

Stephens: /* References */

2006-07-06T19:16:33Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 6 July 2006
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	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:~~potcircuit~~.~~jpg~~\|frame\|POT Circuit Diagram]]		\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pPOT to PC104 Circuit.png\|frame\|POT Circuit Diagram]]
	\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Connecting a POT]]		\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Connecting a POT]]
	\|}		\|}

Stephens at 18:58, 6 July 2006

2006-07-06T18:58:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 6 July 2006
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	\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Connecting a POT]]		\| valign="bottom" \| [[image:pot_pc104.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Connecting a POT]]
	\|}		\|}

			==References==
			* http://www.potentiometers.com

Stephens at 18:57, 6 July 2006

2006-07-06T18:57:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 6 July 2006
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	<h4>Different Types of POTs</h4>		<h4>Different Types of POTs</h4>

			[[image:POT types.png\|center]]

	<H4>Applications</H4>		<H4>Applications</H4>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 25 July 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Sensors]]		[[Category:Sensors]]
	Potentiometers (or ~~POTs~~) are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact or "wiper" that slides across an element of constant resistance. As the wiper moves along the element, the resistance from the end terminals to the wiper changes. If the total resistance of the pot is <math>R</math> and the resistance from the left terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{left}</math> and from the right terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{right}</math>, then we have that <math>R = R_{left} + R_{right}</math> is always satisfied, and each of <math>R_{left}</math> and <math>R_{right}</math> can vary from 0 to <math>R</math>. Some rotary pots are "multi-turn," meaning that the knob must be turned several rotations to move the wiper its full range, and some are "single-turn." The former are common for fine gain adjustments on circuit boards, and the latter are common in sensors of shaft angle and knobs for human input. Some pots have a "linear taper," meaning that the resistance from the terminals to the wiper changes linearly with the amount of rotation (for a rotary pot) or translation (for a linear or slide pot), and others have a "logarithmic" or "audio taper," meaning that the amount of resistance changes logarithmically with the motion. This is useful for audio equipment, as our perception of sound volume increases linearly with a logarithmic increase in sound power. Make sure the pot you use has the correct kind of taper for your application!		Potentiometers (or pots) are variable resistors. They have three terminals with the center terminal being a center tap contact or "wiper" that slides across an element of constant resistance. As the wiper moves along the element, the resistance from the end terminals to the wiper changes. If the total resistance of the pot is <math>R</math> and the resistance from the left terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{left}</math> and from the right terminal to the wiper is <math>R_{right}</math>, then we have that <math>R = R_{left} + R_{right}</math> is always satisfied, and each of <math>R_{left}</math> and <math>R_{right}</math> can vary from 0 to <math>R</math>. Some rotary pots are "multi-turn," meaning that the knob must be turned several rotations to move the wiper its full range, and some are "single-turn." The former are common for fine gain adjustments on circuit boards, and the latter are common in sensors of shaft angle and knobs for human input. Some pots have a "linear taper," meaning that the resistance from the terminals to the wiper changes linearly with the amount of rotation (for a rotary pot) or translation (for a linear or slide pot), and others have a "logarithmic" or "audio taper," meaning that the amount of resistance changes logarithmically with the motion. This is useful for audio equipment, as our perception of sound volume increases linearly with a logarithmic increase in sound power. Make sure the pot you use has the correct kind of taper for your application!

	===Types of ~~POTs~~===		===Types of Pots===
	There are many different types of ~~POTs~~, though they usually have very subtle differences and can be hard to tell apart. Below are several common types of ~~POTs~~.		There are many different types of pots, though they usually have very subtle differences and can be hard to tell apart. Below are several common types of pots.

	[[image:POT types.png\|center]]		[[image:POT types.png\|center]]
Line 9:		Line 9:
	* '''Shaft Potentiometer''' - The most common type, also come in high-precision versions. The shaft can be turned by hand or attached to some device. Some of these cannot turn complete circles while others can turn all the way (continuous turn). Some are also made to turn around multiple times (multi-turn) to sweep the entire resistance range.		* '''Shaft Potentiometer''' - The most common type, also come in high-precision versions. The shaft can be turned by hand or attached to some device. Some of these cannot turn complete circles while others can turn all the way (continuous turn). Some are also made to turn around multiple times (multi-turn) to sweep the entire resistance range.

	* '''Trim ~~POTs~~''' - These ~~POTs~~ are commonly attached to circuit boards when it may be necessary to add tuning to a circuit. They are very small and may require a small screwdriver to turn.		* '''Trim Pots''' - These pots are commonly attached to circuit boards when it may be necessary to add tuning to a circuit. They are very small and may require a small screwdriver to turn.

	* '''Linear & Slide ~~POTs~~''' - These ~~POTs~~ move in a linear motion. Slide ~~POTs~~ are used for user-controlled tuning and would be found in such devices such as light dimmers. Linear ~~POTs~~ are made to be mounted onto a device to measure linear position.		* '''Linear & Slide Pots''' - These pots move in a linear motion. Slide pots are used for user-controlled tuning and would be found in such devices such as light dimmers. Linear pots are made to be mounted onto a device to measure linear position.

	* '''Hollow-Shaft ~~POTs~~''' - These are used in place of shaft potentiometers when space is limited. They are very thin (~3mm) and mount around a rotating shaft.		* '''Hollow-Shaft Pots''' - These are used in place of shaft potentiometers when space is limited. They are very thin (~3mm) and mount around a rotating shaft.

	===Applications===		===Applications===

	A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather ~~would~~ ~~rotate~~ ~~back~~ ~~and~~ ~~forth~~ ~~(as~~ in a ~~sensor~~ ~~"radar dish")~~. ~~The~~ ~~easiest~~ ~~way to mount~~ the ~~POT~~ to ~~the rotating~~ shaft ~~is by using~~ gears. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, you can adjust the range of motion and precision of your angular sensor.		A rotary potentiometer can be used to measure the rotation of a shaft. It is easiest to use if the shaft being measured does not need to rotate continuously, but rather has a range of motion of less than 360 degrees. You can attach the pot to a shaft via gears. By using a gear ratio other than 1:1, you can adjust the range of motion and precision of your angular sensor.

	===Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack===		===Connecting the potentiometer to the PC/104 Stack===