https://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&feed=atom&action=historyCharacterizing the response of a solenoid - Revision history2024-03-29T02:29:54ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.9https://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10782&oldid=prevLynch: /* Circuit */2009-02-16T08:34:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Circuit</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:34, 16 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> was</del> used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
</table>Lynchhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10781&oldid=prevLynch at 08:33, 16 February 20092009-02-16T08:33:48Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:33, 16 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>== Original Assignment ==</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Your job is to characterize the response of a solenoid to on-off pulsed forcing. The solenoid should be equipped with a return spring so that the solenoid returns to a home position when the coil is de-energized.</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>You should provide the user with the ability to control three parameters of the on-off pulsed forcing: the frequency of the on-off pulsed forcing, the duty cycle, and the amplitude (the voltage or current applied to the coil when it is energized). You will mount an [[Accelerometers|accelerometer]] on the shaft of the solenoid and use an oscilloscope to simultaneously look at the control voltage to the solenoid and the acceleration of the solenoid. Try frequencies from 10 Hz to hundreds of Hz. For what frequencies, duty cycles, and amplitudes does the solenoid shaft hit stops, and for what values do you get approximate square wave acceleration profiles? Summarize your results in text and post clear images of the oscilloscope for a few representative choices.</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Note: your PIC may not be involved in this assignment at all. You could use a function generator to generate the frequency and duty cycle you want, and use the amplitude to (perhaps) control a transistor operating in the linear regime to deliver different amounts of current to the solenoid. It may make sense to always energize the coil a little bit, even in the "off" state, so that the return spring is always in a bit of tension.</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Overview ==</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Overview ==</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
</table>Lynchhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10681&oldid=prevScott Mueller at 17:28, 12 February 20092009-02-12T17:28:56Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:28, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The solenoid used is available from Jameco. [[Image:Jameco_Solenoid_Part142464.pdf]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The solenoid used is<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> a small 12V 36 Ohm resistance model</ins> available from Jameco. [[Image:Jameco_Solenoid_Part142464.pdf]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
</table>Scott Muellerhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10678&oldid=prevScott Mueller at 17:26, 12 February 20092009-02-12T17:26:33Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:26, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 25:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The bench top function generator was able to drive the solenoid at different frequencies and with different PWM signals, but unable to provide enough current to move the plunger with much force. Therefore we used a single MOSFET driving circuit with the function generator providing the gate voltage and switching the solenoid on and off using the separate power supply which was able to give us the needed current to get a noticeable response. Because of the inductance of the solenoid coil and the fast switching on and off, a flyback diode was used. </div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The bench top function generator was able to drive the solenoid at different frequencies and with different PWM signals, but unable to provide enough current to move the plunger with much force. Therefore we used a single MOSFET driving circuit with the function generator providing the gate voltage and switching the solenoid on and off using the separate power supply which was able to give us the needed current to get a noticeable response. Because of the inductance of the solenoid coil and the fast switching on and off, a flyback diode was used. </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 32:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation was used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation was used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The solenoid used is available from Jameco. [[Image:Jameco_Solenoid_Part142464.pdf]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The solenoid used is available from Jameco. [[Image:Jameco_Solenoid_Part142464.pdf]]</div></td>
</tr>
</table>Scott Muellerhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10676&oldid=prevScott Mueller at 17:26, 12 February 20092009-02-12T17:26:09Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:26, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/</del>Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation was used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation was used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The solenoid used is available from Jameco. [[Image:Jameco_Solenoid_Part142464.pdf]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
</table>Scott Muellerhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10660&oldid=prevScott Mueller at 16:44, 12 February 20092009-02-12T16:44:00Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:44, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:15V20Hz50%(Resonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Resonance]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:15V20Hz50%(Resonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Resonance]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:15V40Hz50%(JAResonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Just After Resonance]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:15V40Hz50%(JAResonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Just After Resonance]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
</table>Scott Muellerhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10659&oldid=prevScott Mueller at 16:42, 12 February 20092009-02-12T16:42:32Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:42, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 100:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:15V20Hz50%(Resonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Resonance]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:15V20Hz50%(Resonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Resonance]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:15V40Hz50%(JAResonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Just After Resonance]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:15V40Hz50%(JAResonance).JPG|left|thumb|300px|Just After Resonance]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>== Future Work ==</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Datalogging the acceleration of the plunger into Matlab would allow position tracking using numerical integration. This could allow a better interpretation of the acceleration data and the frequency response of the solenoid. </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A Bode plot could also be useful for categorizing the solenoid response.</div></td>
</tr>
</table>Scott Muellerhttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10658&oldid=prevAnthony Franco: /* Oscilloscope Graphs */2009-02-12T16:13:54Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Oscilloscope Graphs</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:13, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 39:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The upper trace is the accelerometer, the lower trace is the voltage across the solenoid. On the accelerometer trace 0g corresponds with 2.5V, +18g is 0V and -18g is 5V. </div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The upper trace is the accelerometer, the lower trace is the voltage across the solenoid. On the accelerometer trace 0g corresponds with 2.5V, +18g is 0V and -18g is 5V. </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_3_2_rhs">⚫</a></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_1_0_lhs"></a>[[Image:15V3Hz50%.JPG|right|thumb|500px|3 Hz Driving]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>=== Very Low Frequency (<10Hz) Response ===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_1_0_lhs">⚫</a></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_3_2_rhs"></a>[[Image:15V3Hz50%.JPG|right|thumb|500px|3 Hz Driving]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Region A-B-C-D'''</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>'''Region A-B-C-D'''</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 54:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Low Frequency (<100 Hz) Response===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>These scope traces show the erratic vibrations at low frequencies. At these frequencies the solenoid plunger hits both end stops. The erratic acceleration is due to the spring becoming completely unloaded as the plunger exits the solenoid and the subsequent recontact between the plunger and spring.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>These scope traces show the erratic vibrations at low frequencies. At these frequencies the solenoid plunger hits both end stops. The erratic acceleration is due to the spring becoming completely unloaded as the plunger exits the solenoid and the subsequent recontact between the plunger and spring.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 64:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Response to Varying Driving Duty Cycle===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>These scope traces show the effects of varying the duty cycle with constant amplitude (24V) and frequency (200Hz). At this higher frequency the plunger retains contact with the return spring and does not hit either end stop. Note that at 75% duty cycle the acceleration profile approaches a square wave. </div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>These scope traces show the effects of varying the duty cycle with constant amplitude (24V) and frequency (200Hz). At this higher frequency the plunger retains contact with the return spring and does not hit either end stop. Note that at 75% duty cycle the acceleration profile approaches a square wave. </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 68:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 74:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Response to Varying Driving Amplitude===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>These scope traces show the effects of varying driving amplitude at constant frequency (300Hz) and duty cycle (50%)</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>These scope traces show the effects of varying driving amplitude at constant frequency (300Hz) and duty cycle (50%)</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 76:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 84:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Resonance (~20Hz)===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:Resonance.JPG|right|thumb|500px|Resonance]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Image:Resonance.JPG|right|thumb|500px|Resonance]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Resonance was observed at 20Hz resulting in very high downward (negative) accelerations indicating contact between the plunger and the solenoid stop. From A to B the plunger is accelerating upward with a negative jerk. Since the solenoid is unpowered in this region this indicates that gravity is taking control of the plunger after losing contact with the spring. The acceleration from B-C rapidly decays to baseline because the square wave voltage across the solenoid goes high and the solenoid pulls the plunger downward, compressing the spring. Region C-D occurs under a powered solenoid which accelerates the plunger downward with positive jerk. The ~11g reading (1.5V swing) at D indicates the plunger hits the lower stop. The rebound off the lower stop causes the spring to decompress quickly over D-E, propelling the plunger beyond the spring.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Resonance was observed at 20Hz resulting in very high downward (negative) accelerations indicating contact between the plunger and the solenoid stop. From A to B the plunger is accelerating upward with a negative jerk. Since the solenoid is unpowered in this region this indicates that gravity is taking control of the plunger after losing contact with the spring. The acceleration from B-C rapidly decays to baseline because the square wave voltage across the solenoid goes high and the solenoid pulls the plunger downward, compressing the spring. Region C-D occurs under a powered solenoid which accelerates the plunger downward with positive jerk. The ~11g reading (1.5V swing) at D indicates the plunger hits the lower stop. The rebound off the lower stop causes the spring to decompress quickly over D-E, propelling the plunger beyond the spring.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Response of Driving Near Resonance===</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>These scope traces show the response just before, just after, and at the resonant frequency of 20Hz</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>These scope traces show the response just before, just after, and at the resonant frequency of 20Hz</div></td>
</tr>
</table>Anthony Francohttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10657&oldid=prevAnthony Franco: /* Circuit */2009-02-12T15:42:32Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Circuit</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:42, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 27:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 27:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Accelerometer:</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The ADXL321EB accelerometer evaluation board (spec sheet here [[http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]) had three simple pin connections as well. One pin for +5V, one for ground, and because of the orientation was used for the evaluation board, one to track the Y-axis acceleration.</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>Anthony Francohttps://hades.mech.northwestern.edu//index.php?title=Characterizing_the_response_of_a_solenoid&diff=10656&oldid=prevAnthony Franco: /* Circuit */2009-02-12T15:32:49Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Circuit</span></span></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:32, 12 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Circuit ==</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Circuit ==</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_5_2_lhs">⚫</a></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_1_0_rhs"></a>[[Image:Solenoid_Driver_Lab_5.bmp|right|thumb|300px|Solenoid Driving Circuit]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>A function generator provided a square wave to saturate the base of an NPN Mosfet to drive the solenoid. The duty cycle and frequency applied to the solenoid are controlled by varying parameters on the function and the applied voltage was adjusted on the power supply for the solenoid.</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The bench top function generator was able to drive the solenoid at different frequencies and with different PWM signals, but unable to provide enough current to move the plunger with much force. Therefore we used a single MOSFET driving circuit with the function generator providing the gate voltage and switching the solenoid on and off using the separate power supply which was able to give us the needed current to get a noticeable response. Because of the inductance of the solenoid coil and the fast switching on and off, a flyback diode was used. </div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Accelerometer:</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Accelerometer:</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/wiki/index.php/Image:AnalogDevices_ADXL321EB.pdf]]</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_1_0_rhs">⚫</a></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_5_2_lhs"></a>[[Image:Solenoid_Driver_Lab_5.bmp|right|thumb|300px|Solenoid Driving Circuit]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><br clear="all"></div></td>
</tr>
</table>Anthony Franco